Taxon
Eopolycotylus rankini
Diagnosis
Moderately sized polycotylid plesiosaur; resembles P. latipinnus in having stout and coarsely striated teeth unlike D. osborni which has slender teeth with fine striations and
T. bentonianum, which has slender teeth with coarse striations; resembles P. latipinnus and D. osborni, but differs from T. bentonianum, in having non cylinder-like, but laterally and ventrally constricted vertebral centra; resembles P. latipinnus, but differs from D. osborni and T. bentonianum, in having some centra compressed anteroposteriorly, although not to the extent seen in
P. latipinnus; resembles T. bentonianum in having lateral foramina on dorsal vertebrae; interclavicle, clavicle, scapula, and coracoid very similar to Dolichorhynchops and Trinacromerum; humerus resembles P. latipinnus in having four facets for articulation of epipodials, but differs in lacking greatly broadened distal end; humerus also differs from P. latipinnus and all other polycotylids in having short, broad, dorsoventrally compressed, less sigmoidal neck; femur differs from P. latipinnus in shorter neck and lack of greatly broadened distal end; ilium nearly identical to P. latipinnus in curvature and tapered sacral end, unlike the straight ilium with expanded sacral end of T. bentonianum; pubis very similar to T. bentonianum in lacking scalloped anterolateral edge seen in T. kirki and P. latipinnus; ischia very similar to Trinacromerum, not tapered posteriorly as in P. latipinnus, not as broad anteriorly as in D. osborni.
T. bentonianum, which has slender teeth with coarse striations; resembles P. latipinnus and D. osborni, but differs from T. bentonianum, in having non cylinder-like, but laterally and ventrally constricted vertebral centra; resembles P. latipinnus, but differs from D. osborni and T. bentonianum, in having some centra compressed anteroposteriorly, although not to the extent seen in
P. latipinnus; resembles T. bentonianum in having lateral foramina on dorsal vertebrae; interclavicle, clavicle, scapula, and coracoid very similar to Dolichorhynchops and Trinacromerum; humerus resembles P. latipinnus in having four facets for articulation of epipodials, but differs in lacking greatly broadened distal end; humerus also differs from P. latipinnus and all other polycotylids in having short, broad, dorsoventrally compressed, less sigmoidal neck; femur differs from P. latipinnus in shorter neck and lack of greatly broadened distal end; ilium nearly identical to P. latipinnus in curvature and tapered sacral end, unlike the straight ilium with expanded sacral end of T. bentonianum; pubis very similar to T. bentonianum in lacking scalloped anterolateral edge seen in T. kirki and P. latipinnus; ischia very similar to Trinacromerum, not tapered posteriorly as in P. latipinnus, not as broad anteriorly as in D. osborni.
Etymology
Eo, from eos, Greek for dawn, earliest, oldest; rankini, for David O. Rankin of Big Water, Utah, discoverer of this and several other important specimens from the Tropic Shale (see acknowledgments).
Fossils
Catalogue No
Collection
Specimen
Rock Unit
Tropic Shale
Eopolycotylus rankini
Holotype
Albright, L Barry (2007) Plesiosaurs From the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) Tropic Shale of Southern Utah, Part 2: Polycotylidae; Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 27(1), pp.41:58